MTI备考重磅之武汉科技大学历年真题汇总（附官方参考答案及评分标准）
大家好，我是M君，一个集经验
与才华于一身的良心小编。
武汉科技大学（Wuhan University of Science and Technology）是中华人民共和国教育部、湖北省人民政府、宝钢集团有限公司、鞍山钢铁集团公司、武汉钢铁（集团）公司、首钢集团、中国冶金科工集团有限公司、中国中钢集团公司共同参与建设的省部共建大学，入选湖北省“双一流”建设高校，湖北省省属重点综合性大学，拥有湖北省属高校第一个国家重点实验室，第一个国家工程研究中心。
武汉科技大学办学历史溯源于1898年清末湖广总督张之洞奏请清朝政府批准成立的湖北工艺学堂，历经湖北中等工业学堂、湖北甲种工业学校、汉阳高级工业职业学校、武昌高级工业学校、中南钢铁工业学校、武昌钢铁工业学校的传承与发展，1958年组建为武汉钢铁学院，开办本科教育。
如果你是以武汉科技大学为目标，那么，和M君一起来看看武汉科技大学2018、2017、2016三年的真题吧。
2018武汉科技大学真题
357英语翻译基础
一、词条互译
Section A English to Chinese (15 points)
1) ICT
2) Goldman Sachs
3) selfie
4) NYSE
5) customs duty
6) four-letter words
7) USB
8) cineplex
9) Don Quixote
10) apple polisher
11) CIF
12) Lee Hsien Loong
13) The Times
14) promotional code
15) second-tier city
Section B Chinese to English (15 points)
1) 腾讯
2) 旗舰店
3) 海淘
4) 团圆饭
5) 暗亏
6) 东亚经济共同体
7) 双开
8) 党章
9) 家庭资产负债表
10) 大幅度放宽市场准入
11) 维护和加强多边贸易体制
12) 五行理论
13) 建立内部激励机制
14) 优化公司治理结构
15) 人民日益增长的美好生活需要和不平衡不充分的发展之间的矛盾
二、段落翻译
Section A English to Chinese (60 points)
Section B Chinese to English (60 points)
448 汉语百科知识与写作
一、单选题(共30小题，每小题1分，共30分)
二、填空题(共10小题，每小题1分，共10分)
1、提出“民为贵，社稷次之，君为轻”，主张实行仁政、养民和以德服人的是______。
2. 钱锺书的______以对人生的富有哲理性和文化内涵的思考为写作重点，充分发挥了小说的语言艺术特性。
3. 我国最北面的省级行政区是_______。
4. 根据《劳动法》规定，劳动合同可以约定试用期，试用期最长不得超过_____。
5. 巴比伦最著名的建筑是被称为古代世界“七大奇迹”之一的______。
6. 德国人马丁·路德在1522-1534年翻译出版了______。
7. “臣等愚心以为；欲求超胜，必须会通；会通之前，先须翻译。”这是_______的翻译思想。
8. 1900年在敦煌千佛洞发现的______是世界上现存最早的有明确日期记载的印刷物。
9. 拉动经济增长的三驾马车是：消费、投资、______。
10. 古希腊文学中有两大史诗：_____和_____。
三、名词解释(共5小题，每小题4分，共20分)
1、纵横家
2. 知识产权
3. 杜鲁门主义
4. 林语堂的“忠实、通顺、美”
5. 玛雅文明
四、应用文写作(30分)
假设你是武钢焦化厂的厂长，你们厂想委托武汉科技大学材料冶金学院为厂里新招募人员进行继续教育培训。请起草一份商洽函，注意以下事项：一、培训对象：人数、性别、学历；二、培训科目与目的：1.锅炉的概况和发展2.锅炉的启动、运行和停炉 3.锅炉设备及运行4. 自动装置及仪表；三、参考教材及资料：教材，理论课时、实践教学及地点。未尽事宜如培训费用、培训场地、培训教师等需要面谈。
五、议论文写作(60分)
阅读下列文字，根据作文题目结合下列文字写一篇不少于800字的议论文。
人过30，你的责任心，就是你赚钱的能力。残酷的现实，每个人都要面对。
你过得好，别人为你高兴，你过得不好，没人给你安慰。没有人会拿对错去要求你，同样，也没有人会对你真正地感同身受。
这个年纪，不像你读书的时候，可以拿着一份不错的成绩单去向父母邀功；也不像你刚毕业时，拿着一份不错的OFFER，就能引得一群人为你眼红……
一过30，人的体面就只在肤浅的车子、房子、票子和孩子身上。
很多你曾经引以为豪的东西，其实，并不重要。因为人的年纪越大，就越有能力去接近一个更加真实的世界。
世界上，没有一件工作不辛苦，没有一处人事不复杂。要得到你必须要付出，要付出你还要学会坚持，如果你真的觉得很难，那你就放弃。但是放弃了你就不要抱怨。人生就是这样，世界真的是平衡的，每个人都是通过自己的努力，去决定自己生活的样子。
作文题目：成年人的生活里没有容易二字
211翻译硕士英语
一、单选(20 points, 1 point for each)
二、改错 (10 points, 1 point for each)
三、阅读 (40 points, 2 point for each)
Passage 1
Passage 2：
Passage 3
Passage 4
四、作文 (30 points)
How to Solve the Housing Problem in Big Cities? 400 words.
2017武汉科技大学真题
357英语翻译基础
一、 词条互译
Section A English to Chinese (15 points)
1) cyberspace
2) GPS
3) grace period
4) LOL
5) Brexit
6) Trojan Horse
7) EQ
8) ISO
9) prime time
10) Jeseph Needham
11) pet phrase
12) ISP
13) Okinawa
14) diet tea
15) navigation bar
Section B Chinese to English (15 points)
1) （美国）国务卿
2) 天人合一
3) 皮影
4) 网络女主播
5) 蓝筹股
6) 拜年
7) 首席财务官
8) 基本理念
9) 创客
10) 徇私枉法
11) 虚拟现实
12) 社会主义核心价值观
13) 火警出口
14) 司法行政机关
15) 弘扬民族优秀文化
二、段落翻译
Section A English to Chinese (60 points)
Section B Chinese to English (60 points)
448 汉语百科知识与写作
一、单选题(共30小题，每小题1分，共30分)
1、以法治为中心，综合运用“法势术”是法家成熟的表现，而提出这一理论的是_______。
A. 慎到 B. 商鞅
C. 韩非 D. 李悝
2、作为“唐宋八大家”之一的_______大力提倡古文运动，他的名篇《醉翁亭记》是个很好的例子，再者还有文赋《秋声赋》。
A. 苏轼 B. 柳宗元
C. 欧阳修 D. 曾巩
3、丝绸之路是历史上横贯欧亚大陆的贸易交通线，在历史上促进了欧亚非各国和中国的友好往来。丝绸之路开通于______。
A. 春秋时期 B. 战国时期
C. 西汉时期 D. 东汉时期
4、实现了建国以来党的历史上具有深远意义的伟大转折的会议是______。
A. 中共“八大” B. “中共十一届三中全会”
C. 中共“十二大” D. “中共十三大”
5、位于新疆中部的山地是______。
A. 阿尔泰山 B. 昆仑山
C. 天山 D. 祁连山
6、在社会经济运行中，当通货膨胀率上升时，一般会导致______。
A. 失业率上升 B. 失业率保持稳定不变
C. 失业率下降 D. 失业率波动不定
7、犯罪行为的最基本特征是______。
A. 刑事违法性 B. 社会危害性
C. 应受刑法惩罚性 D. 行为人具有主观恶性
8、早期基督教的根本特点是______。
A. 最初作为犹太教的一个分支 B. 一神论和救世主观念
C. 信奉《新约》而非《旧约》 D. 世界性宗教，打破民族宗教的狭隘性
9、新航路开辟从资本主义发展的角度来说，最重要的影响是_______。
A. 促进资本主义迅速发展 B. 加强了世界各地的联系
C. 促进欧洲商业发生重大变化 D. 引起殖民扩张加速资本的原始积累
10、在第三次科技革命中，最具划时代意义，并得到迅速发展和广泛应用的是______。
A. 核反应堆 B. 电子计算机
C. 生物工程业 D. 高分子合成化工业
11、《通天塔之后：语言与翻译面面观》的作者是______。
A. 乔治·斯坦纳 B. 海德格尔
C. 本雅明 D. 吉登图里
12、下列哪一个节日由清教徒发起的？其主题是和平，丰收，健康和快乐：________。
A. 圣诞节 B. 复活节 C. 万圣节 D. 感恩节
13、______是“初唐四杰”之一，留下千古不绝的辉煌诗句，如“海内存知己，天涯若比邻”，“落霞与孤鹜齐飞，秋水共长天一色”。
A. 杨炯 B. 王勃
C. 卢照邻 D. 骆宾王
14、美国五大湖中完全位于美国境内的是______。
A. 苏必利尔湖 B. 密歇根湖
C. 休伦湖 D. 伊利湖
15、英国语言学家韩礼德提出的“Field of Discourse”的概念指的是______。
A. 交际方式 B. 交际内容
C. 交际场所 D. 交际风格
16、我国是文明古国，早在春秋战国时期，李冰父子就完成了举世瞩目的_______。
A. 三峡工程 B. 钱塘江工程
C. 都江堰工程 D. 京杭大运河
17、欧洲“启蒙运动”的代表人物及其著作对应正确的是______。
A. 洛克《利维坦》 B. 孟德斯鸠《论法的精神》
C. 狄德罗《哲学通讯》 D. 伏尔泰《百科全书》
18、在经济衰退时期，有利于扩大内需的政策措施是______。
A. 降低税率 B. 提高利率
C. 缩减财政支出 D. 提高存款准备金率
19、下列著名风景区属于喀斯特地形的是______。
A. 峨眉天下秀
B. 桂林“碧莲玉笋”世界
C. 白头山天池湖水碧蓝、白色群峰倒映风光
D. 挺拔险峻、登之可“一览众山小”的泰山
20、傅雷是在翻译理论和实践两方面都独树一帜的翻译大师，下面哪一项不是他的观点？_______。
A. “形似不如神似”
B. “翻译于用之外，还有美一方面须兼顾的，理想的翻译家应将其工作当作一种艺术”
C. 译笔要求“行文流畅、用字丰富、色彩变化”
D. 强调译者本身的条件、气质对于原作的“适应力”
21、下列哪本著作不是尼采所作？______。
A. 《科学革命的结构》 B. 《快乐的科学》
C. 《权力意志论》 D. 《查拉图斯特拉如是说》
22、发现中子效应并建立了世界上第一座原子反应堆的科学家是_______。
A. 费米 B. 哈恩
C. 斯特拉斯曼 D. 夸克
23、在“四大发明”中，______是最早流传到国外的。
A. 造纸术 B. 活字印刷
C. 指南针 D. 火药
24、历史学家将内战结束到20世纪初期这段时间称为“镀金时代”。这个名称取自______的同名小说。
A. 爱默生 B. 海明威
C. 霍桑 D. 马克·吐温
25、诺曼征服的影响不包括______。
A. 没收所有土地，将其分发给追随者
B. 把基督教这门新宗教带到不列颠
C. 封建制度在英国完全确立
D. 引进了诺曼---法国文化
26、行政机关对自己制定的法律所作的解释属于_______。
A. 立法解释 B. 行政解释
C. 司法解释 D. 适用解释
27、衡量一个国家经济总量的指标不包括_______。
A. 国民总收入 B. 货币总量
C. 国内生产总值 D. 外汇储备
28、纵贯我国东北平原、华北平原、长江中下游平原和珠江三角洲的铁路干线是_______。
A. 京广线 B. 京哈线
C. 京哈-京广线 D. 焦柳线
29、_____是我国第一部纪传体的断代史，记事始于汉高祖，止于王莽末年，是《史记》之后史传散文的又一个高峰。
A. 《左传》 B. 《汉书》
C. 《国语》 D. 《战国策》
30、所谓“知行合一”，即二者互为表里，不可分离。知行合一说是由______提出的。
A. 明道先生 B. 象山先生
C. 陆子 D. 阳明子
二、填空题(共10小题，每小题1分，共10分)
1、1867年，瑞典化学家______发明了安全炸药。
2、所谓“象胥”，即古代对于翻译官的称呼。在周代，译员又统称_______。周代对专管其他各方的翻译人员也有不同的称呼。
3、郭沫若认为诗歌是可译的，并在译诗方面作了不懈的努力。他提出了_______的主张。
4、赛义德以《东方主义》一书进入了文化帝国主义的研究领域，从______的角度探讨第一世界和第三世界之间权力与话语的对立模式。
5、美国高等教育有三大职能：教学、科研、和_______。
6、辉格党人和托利党人，这两个政党名称皆起源于______。
7、苏格拉底因“腐蚀雅典青年，并否定传统的神”的罪名被判处死刑。当时的宣判机关是_____。
8、我国国家的最高权力机关是______。
9、汉武帝派张骞两次出使西域。西汉设立_____，新疆地区正式归属于中央政权。
10、隋唐时期是道教和佛教的兴旺时期，李渊父子宣布儒佛道三家，尊_____为首。
三、名词解释(共5小题，每小题4分，共20分)
1、徐光启
2、田园诗
3、后殖民翻译理论
4、水门事件
5、霸权主义
四、应用文写作(30分)
武汉科技大学有个研究所的电脑和打印机陈旧，经常出故障。空调不制冷，座椅损坏，影响正常使用。请撰写一份购置新设备的计划书，上报学院领导审批。
五、议论文写作(60分)
阅读下列文字，根据作文题目结合下列文字写一篇不少于800字的议论文。
一家生意红火的蛋糕店门前站着一位衣衫褴褛身上散发着难闻气味的乞丐。旁边的客人都皱眉掩鼻，露出嫌恶的神色来。伙计喊着‘一边去，快走吧。’乞丐却却拿出几张脏乎乎的小面额钞票小声地说：“我来买蛋糕，最小的那种。”
店老板走过来，热情的从柜子里取出一个小而精致的蛋糕递给乞丐，并深深地向他鞠了一躬，说：“多谢关照，欢迎再次光临！”乞丐受宠若惊般离开，要知道他从来没有受过如此殊荣。
店老板的孙子不解，问道：“爷爷，你为什么对乞丐如此热情？”
店老板解释说：“虽然他是乞丐，却也是顾客呀。他为了吃到我们的蛋糕，不惜花去很长时间讨得的一点点钱，实在是难得，我不亲自为他服务怎么对得起他的这份厚爱？”
孙子又问：“既然如此，为什么要收他的钱呢？”
店老板说：“他今天是客人不是来讨饭的，我们当然要尊重他。如果我不收他的钱，岂不是对他的侮辱？我们一定要记住，要尊重我们的每一个顾客，哪怕他是一个乞丐；因为我们的一切都是顾客给予的。”小孩若有所思的点点头。
这个店老板就是日本大企业家堤义明的爷爷。
作文题目：别人尊重你，并不是因为你优秀
211翻译硕士英语
一、单选 (20 points, 1 point for each)
二、改错 (10 points, 1 point for each)
三、阅读 (40 points, 2 point for each)
Passage 1
Everybody loves a fat pay rise. Yet pleasure at your own can vanish if you learn that a colleague has been given a bigger one. Indeed, if he has a reputation for slacking, you might even be outraged. Such behaviour is regarded as "all too human," with the underlying assumption that other animals would not be capable of this finely developed sense of grievance. But a study by Sarah Brosnan and Frans de Waal of Emory University in Atlanta, Georgia, which has just been published in Nature, suggests that it is all too monkey, as well.
The researchers studied the behaviour of female brown capuchin monkeys. They look cute. They are good-natured, co-operative creatures, and they share their food readily. Above all, like their female human counterparts, they tend to pay much closer attention to the value of "goods and services" than males.
Such characteristics make them perfect candidates for Dr. Brosnan's and Dr. de Waal's study. The researchers spent two years teaching their monkeys to exchange tokens for food. Normally, the monkeys were happy enough to exchange pieces of rock for slices of cucumber. However, when two monkeys were placed in separate but adjoining chambers, so that each could observe what the other was getting in return for its rock, their behaviour became markedly different.
In the world of capuchins, grapes are luxury goods (and much preferable to cucumbers). So when one monkey was handed a grape in exchange for her token, the second was reluctant to hand hers over for a mere piece of cucumber. And if one received a grape without having to provide her token in exchange at all, the other either tossed her own token at the researcher or out of the chamber, or refused to accept the slice of cucumber. Indeed, the mere presence of a grape in the other chamber (without an actual monkey to eat it) was enough to induce resentment in a female capuchin.
The researchers suggest that capuchin monkeys, like humans, are guided by social emotions. In the wild, they are a co-operative, group-living species. Such co-operation is likely to be stable only when each animal feels it is not being cheated. Feelings of righteous indignation, it seems, are not the preserve of people alone. Refusing a lesser reward completely makes these feelings abundantly clear to other members of the group. However, whether such a sense of fairness evolved independently in capuchins and humans, or whether it stems from the common ancestor that the species had 35 million years ago, is, as yet, an unanswered question.
31. In the opening paragraph, the author introduces his topic by_____.
A. posing a contrast
B. justifying an assumption
C. making a comparison
D. explaining a phenomenon
32. The statement "it is all too monkey" (Last line, Paragraph l) implies that ______.
A. monkeys are also outraged by slack rivals
B. resenting unfairness is also monkeys' nature
C. monkeys, like humans, tend to be jealous of each other
D. no animals other than monkeys can develop such emotions
33. Female capuchin monkeys were chosen for the research most probably because they are ____.
A. more inclined to weigh what they get
B. attentive to researchers' instructions
C. nice in both appearance and temperament
D. more generous than their male companions
34. Dr. Brosnan and Dr. de Waal have eventually found in their study that the monkeys _____.
A. prefer grapes to cucumbers
B. can be taught to exchange things
C. will not be co-operative if feeling cheated
D. are unhappy when separated from others
35. What can we infer from the last paragraph?
A. Monkeys can be trained to develop social emotions.
B. Human indignation evolved from an uncertain source.
C. Animals usually show their feelings openly as humans do.
D. Cooperation among monkeys remains stable only in the wild
Passage 2
The deserts, which already occupy approximately a fourth of the earth's land surface, have in recent decades been increasing at an alarming pace. The expansion of desert like conditions into areas where they did not previously exist is called desertification. It has been estimated that an additional one-fourth of the earth's land surface is threatened by this process.
Desertification is accomplished primarily through the loss of stabilizing natural vegetation and the subsequent accelerated erosion of the soil by wind and water. In some cases the loose soil is blown completely away, leaving a stony surface. In other cases, the finer particles may be removed, while the sand-sized particles are accumulated to form mobile hills or ridges of sand.
Even in the areas that retain a soil cover, the reduction of vegetation typically results in the loss of the soil's ability to absorb substantial quantities of water. The impact of raindrops on the loose soil tends to transfer fine clay particles into the tiniest soil spaces, sealing them and producing a surface that allows very little water penetration. Water absorption is greatly reduced; consequently runoff is increased, resulting in accelerated erosion rates. The gradual drying of the soil caused by its diminished ability to absorb water results in the further loss of vegetation, so that a cycle of progressive surface deterioration is established.
In some regions, the increase in desert areas is occurring largely as the result of a trend toward drier climatic conditions. Continued gradual global warming has produced an increase in aridity for some areas over the past few thousand years. The process may be accelerated in subsequent decades if global warming resulting from air pollution seriously increases.
There is little doubt, however, that desertification in most areas results primarily from human activities rather than natural processes. The semiarid lands bordering the deserts exist in a delicate ecological balance and are limited in their potential to adjust to increased environmental pressures. Expanding populations are subjecting the land to increasing pressures to provide them with food and fuel. In wet periods, the land may be able to respond to these stresses. During the dry periods that are common phenomena along the desert margins, though, the pressure on the land is often far in excess of its diminished capacity, and desertification results.
Four specific activities have been identified as major contributors to the desertification processes: overcultivation, overgrazing, firewood gathering, and overirrigation. The cultivation of crops has expanded into progressively drier regions as population densities have grown. These regions are especially likely to have periods of severe dryness, so that crop failures are common. Since the raising of most crops necessitates the prior removal of the natural vegetation, crop failures leave extensive tracts of land devoid of a plant cover and susceptible to wind and water erosion.
36. The loss of natural vegetation has which of the following consequences for soil?
A. increased stony content
B. reduced water absorption
C. increased numbers of spaces in the soil
D. reduced water runoff
37. In dry periods, border areas have difficulty______
A. adjusting to stresses created by settlement
B. retaining their fertility after desertification
C. providing water for irrigating crops
D. attracting populations in search of food and fuel
38. Which of the following is often associated with raising crops?
A. lack of proper irrigation techniques
B. failure to plant crops suited to the particular area
C. removal of the original vegetation
D. excessive use of dried animal waste
39. The phrase "devoid of" (Last line, Paragraph 6) is closest in meaning to_____.
A. consisting of
B. hidden by
C. except for
D. lacking in
40. Which of the following is NOT MENTIONED in this text?
A. The cultivation of crops has expanded into increasingly drier regions as population densities have grown.
B. The semiarid lands exist in a fragile ecological balance.
C. Grasses are generally the dominant type of natural vegetation in semi-arid lands.
D. The process of desertification endangers the Earth’s land surface.
Passage 3
Over the past decade, thousands of patents have been granted for what are called business methods. Amazon.com received one for its "one-click" online payment system. Merrill Lynch got legal protection for an asset allocation strategy. One inventor patented a technique for lifting a box.
Now the nation's top patent court appears completely ready to scale back on business-method patents, which have been controversial ever since they were first authorized 10 years ago. In a move that has intellectual-property lawyers abuzz, the U.S. Court of Appeals for the Federal Circuit said it would use a particular case to conduct a broad review of business-method patents. In re Bilski, as the case is known , is "a very big deal", says Dennis D. Crouch of the University of Missouri School of law. It "has the potential to eliminate an entire class of patents."
Curbs on business-method claims would be a dramatic about-face, because it was the Federal Circuit itself that introduced such patents with its 1998 decision in the so-called State Street Bank case, approving a patent on a way of pooling mutual-fund assets. That ruling produced an explosion in business-method patent filings, initially by emerging Internet companies trying to stake out exclusive rights to specific types of online transactions. Later, move established companies raced to add such patents to their files, if only as a defensive move against rivals that might beat them to the punch. In 2005, IBM noted in a court filing that it had been issued more than 300 business-method patents, despite the fact that it questioned the legal basis for granting them. Similarly, some Wall Street investment films armed themselves with patents for financial products, even as they took positions in court cases opposing the practice.
The Bilski case involves a claimed patent on a method for hedging risk in the energy market. The Federal Circuit issued an unusual order stating that the case would be heard by all 12 of the court's judges, rather than a typical panel of three, and that one issue it wants to evaluate is whether it should "reconsider" its State Street Bank ruling.
The Federal Circuit's action comes in the wake of a series of recent decisions by the Supreme Court that has narrowed the scope of protections for patent holders. Last April, for example the justices signaled that too many patents were being upheld for "inventions" that are obvious. The judges on the Federal Circuit are "reacting to the anti-patent trend at the Supreme Court", says Harold C. Wegner, a patent attorney and professor at George Washington University Law School.
41. Business-method patents have recently aroused concern because of_______.
A. their limited value to business
B. their connection with asset allocation
C. the possible restriction on their granting
D. the controversy over authorization.
42. Which of the following is true of the Bilski case?
A. Its ruling complies with the court decisions
B. It involves a very big business transaction
C. It has been dismissed by the Federal Circuit
D. It may change the legal practices in the U.S.
43. The word "about-face" (Line 1, Paragraph 3) most probably means ________.
A. loss of good will
B. increase of hostility
C. change of attitude
D. enhancement of dignity
44. We learn from the last two paragraphs that business-method patents ______.
A. are immune to legal challenges
B. are often unnecessarily issued
C. lower the esteem for patent holders
D. increase the incidence of risks
45. Which of the following would be the subject of the text?
A. A looming threat to business-method patents
B. Protection for business-method patent holders
C. A legal case regarding business-method patents
D. A prevailing trend against business-method patents
Passage 4
At the end of the nineteenth century, a rising interest in Native American customs and an increasing desire to understand Native American culture prompted ethnologists to begin recording the life stories of Native American. Ethnologists had a distinct reason for wanting to hear the stories: they were after linguistic or anthropological data that would supplement their own field observations, and they believed that the personal stories, even of a single individual, could increase their understanding of the cultures that they had been observing from without. In addition many ethnologists at the turn of the century believed that Native American manners and customs were rapidly disappearing, and that it was important to preserve for posterity as much information as could be adequately recorded before the cultures disappeared forever.
There were, however, arguments against this method as a way of acquiring accurate and complete information. Franz Boas, for example, described autobiographies as being "of limited value, and useful chiefly for the study of the perversion of truth by memory," while Paul Radin contended that investigators rarely spent enough time with the tribes they were observing, and inevitably derived results too tinged by the investigator’s own emotional tone to be reliable.
Even more importantly, as these life stories moved from the traditional oral mode to recorded written form, much was inevitably lost. Editors often decided what elements were significant to the field research on a given tribe. Native Americans recognized that the essence of their lives could not be communicated in English and that events that they thought significant were often deemed unimportant by their interviewers. Indeed, the very act of telling their stories could force Native American narrators to distort their cultures, as taboos had to be broken to speak the names of dead relatives crucial to their family stories.
Despite all of this, autobiography remains a useful tool for ethnological research: such personal reminiscences and impressions, incomplete as they may be, are likely to throw more light on the working of the mind and emotions than any amount of speculation from an ethnologist or ethnological theorist from another culture.
46. Which of the following best describes the organization of the passage?
A. The historical backgrounds of two currently used research methods are chronicled.
B. The validity of the data collected by using two different research methods is compared.
C. The usefulness of a research method is questioned and then a new method is proposed.
D. The use of a research method is described and the limitations of the results obtained are discussed.
47. Which of the following is most similar to the actions of nineteenth-century ethnologist in their editing of the life stories of Native Americans?
A. A witness in a jury trial invokes the Fifth Amendment in order to avoid relating personally incriminating evidence.
B. A stockbroker refuses to divulge the source of her information on the possible future increase in a stock's value.
C. A sports announcer describes the action in a team sport with which he is unfamiliar.
D. A chef purposely excludes the special ingredient from the recipe of his prizewinning desert.
48. According to the passage, collecting life stories can be a useful methodology because ______.
A. life stories provide deeper insights into a culture than the hypothesizing of academics who are not members of that culture
B. life stories can be collected easily and they are not subject to invalid interpretations
C. ethnologists have a limited number of research methods from which to choose
D. life stories make it easy to distinguish between the important and unimportant features of a culture
49. The primary purpose of the passage as a whole is to _______.
A. question an explanation
B. correct a misconception
C. critique a methodology
D. discredit an idea
50. It can be inferred from the passage that a characteristic of the ethnological research on Native Americans conducted during the nineteenth century was the use of which of the following?
A. Investigators familiar with the culture under study
B. A language other than the informant's for recording life stories
C. Life stories as the ethnologist's primary source of information
D. Complete transcriptions of informants' descriptions of tribal beliefs
四、作文 (30 points)
Some people believe that the Earth is being harmed by human activity. Others feel that human activity makes the Earth a better place to live. What is your opinion? Use specific reasons and examples to support your answer by writing an essay of about 400 words in English. Give a title to your own essay.
2016武汉科技大学真题
357英语翻译基础
一、 词条互译
Section A English to Chinese (15 points)
1) disposable income
2) malicious software
3) asylum application
4) air filtration face masks
5) community nursing service
6) fabricate academic credentials
7) eco-friendly toilet
8) sperm banks
9) solicit public opinion
10) to buy for the thrill of the bargain
11) The Lord of the Flies
12) Trans-Pacific Partnership (TPP)
13) pragmatic anti-corruption cooperation
14) post-disaster recovery
15) removal of papers
Section B Chinese to English (15 points)
16) 《水浒传》
17) 中国“十三五”规划
18) 亚洲基础设施投资银行
19) 生态文明
20) 秦腔
21) 颜控
22) 秀恩爱
23) 抗日民族统一战线
24) 依法治国
25) 政府权力清单
26) 入乡随俗
27) “三步走”战略
28) 新常态
29) 健康稳定的大国关系框架
30) 全国人口普查
二、段落翻译
Section A English to Chinese (60 points)
Section B Chinese to English (60 points)
448 汉语百科知识与写作
一、单选题(共30小题，每小题1分，共30分)
二、填空题(共10小题，每小题1分，共10分)
1、著名医学家华佗擅长外科手术，他曾用______使病人麻醉后施行剖腹手术，是世界上应用全身麻醉进行手术治疗的最早记载。
2、鱼翅是由_______的鳍做成的。
3、一些轿车车身后面有1.6、1.8、2.0等阿拉伯数字，这是指发动机的_______。
4、女性主义以______作为文学批评研究的基本切入点，突破一系列传统范畴和价值尺度，致力于揭示妇女在历史、文化、社会中处于从属地位的根源。
5、世界上最大的农产品出口国是_______。
6、合同法的基本原则是_______、自愿原则、公平原则、诚实信用原则。
7、“一国两制”的政策在特别行政区成立以后，将至少保持_____不变。
8、京九铁路与长江的交叉点是______。
9、武昌起义后，起义军宣布改国号为中华民国，废除清朝宣统年号，改用_____纪元。
10、仁、义、礼、智、信是贯穿《论语》始末的重要思想，而_____又是其核心。
三、名词解释(共5小题，每小题4分，共20分)
1、一带一路
2、动态对等
3、大陆漂移假说
4、百日维新
5、黑色幽默
四、应用文写作(30分)
假设你是一家翻译公司的客户经理，名叫张意，你们公司的客户阳光环保设备有有限公司曾委托你们公司汉英翻译了一份公司简介。译文交给客户后，客户不满意，认为译文跟原文在形式上有较大的区别，要求赔偿。请据此信息给客户写一封邮件，对事情进行解释，并提出解决办法。
五、议论文写作(60分)
有人说，找工作一定要找自己喜欢的工作，如果找不到，可以待业在家；也有人说，工作的目的就是为了挣钱，喜不喜欢倒是次要的。请就这两种看法写一篇议论文，题目自拟，字数要求在800字以上。
211翻译硕士英语
一、单选 (20 points, 1 point for each)
二、改错 (10 points, 1 point for each)
三、阅读 (40 points, 2 point for each)
Passage 1
In spite of "endless talk of difference," American society is an amazing machine for homogenizing people. There is "the democratizing uniformity of dress and discourse, and the casualness and absence of difference" characteristic of popular culture. People are absorbed into "a culture of consumption" launched by the 19th-century department stores that offered "vast arrays of goods in an elegant atmosphere. Instead of intimate shops catering to acknowledgeable elite." these were stores "anyone could enter, regardless of class or background. This turned shopping into a public and democratic act." The mass media, advertising and sports are other forces for homogenization.
Immigrants are quickly fitting into this common culture, which may not be altogether elevating but is hardly poisonous. Writing for the National Immigration Forum, Gregory Rodriguez reports that today’s immigration is neither at unprecedented level nor resistant to assimilation. In1998 immigrants were 9.8 percent of population; in 1900, 13.6 percent .In the10 years prior to 1990, 3.1 immigrants arrived for every 1,000 residents; in the 10years prior to 1890, 9.2 for every 1,000. Now, consider three indices of assimilation-language, home ownership and intermarriage.
The 1990 Census revealed that "a majority of immigrants from each of the fifteen most common countries of origin spoke English 'well' or 'very well' after ten years of residence." The children of immigrants tend to be bilingual and proficient in English. "By the third generation, the original language is lost in the majority of immigrant families." Hence the description of America as a "graveyard" for languages. By 1996 foreign-born immigrants who had arrived before 1970 had a home ownership rate of 75.6 percent, higher than the 69.8 percent rate among native-born Americans.
Foreign-born Asians and Hispanics（西班牙语国家的人；拉美裔人） "have higher rates of intermarriage than do U.S.-born whites and blacks." By the third generation, one third of Hispanic women are married to non-Hispanics, and 41 percent of Asian-American women are married to non-Asians.
Rodriguez notes that children in remote villages around the world are fans of superstars like Arnold Schwarzenegger and Garth Brooks, yet "some Americans fear that immigrants living within the United States remain somehow immune to the nation's assimilative power."
Are there divisive issues and pockets of seething anger in America? Indeed. It is big enough to have a bit of everything. But particularly when viewed against America's turbulent past, today's social indices hardly suggest a dark and deteriorating social environment.
31. The word "homogenizing" (Line 2, Paragraph 1) most probably means________.
A. identifying
B. associating
C. assimilating
D. monopolizing
32. According to the author, the department stores of the 19thcentury________.
A. played a role in the spread of popular culture
B. became intimate shops for common consumers
C. satisfied the needs of a knowledgeable elite
D. owed its emergence to the culture of consumption
33. The text suggests that immigrants now in the U.S. ________.
A. are resistant to homogenization
B. exert a great influence on American culture
C. are hardly a threat to the common culture
D. constitute the majority of the population
34. Why are Arnold Schwarzenegger and Garth Brooks mentioned in Paragraph 5?
A. To prove their popularity around the world
B. To reveal the public's fear of immigrants
C. To give examples of successful immigrants
D. To show the powerful influence of American culture
35. In the author's opinion, the absorption of immigrants into American society is____.
A. rewarding
B. successful
C. fruitless
D. harmful
Passage 2
A white kid sells a bag of cocaine at his suburban high school. A Latino kid does the same in his inner-city neighborhood. Both get caught. Both are first-time offenders. The white kid walks into juvenile court with his parents, his priest, a good lawyer-and medical coverage. The Latino kid walks into court with his mom, no legal resources and no insurance. The judge lets the white kid go with his family; he's placed in a private treatment program. The minority kid has no such option. He’s detained.
There, in a nutshell, is what happens more and more often in the juvenile-court system. Minority youths arrested on violent felony charges in California are more than twice as likely as their white counterparts to be transferred out of the juvenile-justice system and tried as adults, according to a study released last week by the Justice Policy Institute, a research center in San Francisco. Once they are in adult courts, young black offenders are 18 times more likely to be jailed —— and Hispanics（西班牙语国家的人；拉美裔人）seven times more likely —— than are young white offenders. "Discrimination against kids of color accumulates at every stage of the justice system and skyrockets when juveniles are, tried as adults," says Dan Macallair, a co-author of the new study. "California has a double standard: throw kids of color behind bars, but rehabilitate white kids who commit comparable crimes."
Even as juvenile crime has declined from its peak in the early 1990s, headline grabbing violence by minors has intensified a get-tough attitude. Over the past six years, 43 states have passed laws that make it easier to try juveniles as adults. In Texas and Connecticut in 1996, the latest year for which figures are available, all the juveniles in jails were minorities. Vincent Schiraldi, the Justice Policy Institute's director, concedes that "some kids need to be tried as adults. But most can be rehabilitated."
Instead, adult prisons tend to brutalize juveniles. They are eight times more likely to commit suicide and five times more likely to be sexually abused than offenders held in juvenile detention. "Once they get out, they tend to commit more crimes and more violent crimes," says Jenni Gainsborough, a spokeswoman for the Sentencing Project, a reform group in Washington. The system, in essence, is training career criminals. And it's doing its worst work among minorities.
36. From the first paragraph we learn that _________.
A. the white kid is more lucky than the minority kid
B. the white kid has got a lot of help than the minority kid
C. the white kid and minority kid has been treated differently
D. the minority kid should be set free at once
37. According to the passage, which of the following is TRUE?
A. Kids shouldn't be tried as adults
B. Discrimination exists in the justice system
C. Minority kids are likely to commit crimes
D. States shouldn't pass the laws
38. The word "skyrocket" (Line 9, Paragraph 2) means ________.
A. rising sharply
B. widening suddenly
C. spreading widely
D. expanding quickly
39. It can be inferred from the last paragraph that ________.
A. something seems to be wrong with the justice system
B. adult prisons have bad influence on the juveniles
C. juveniles in adult prison are ill-treated
D. the career criminals are trained by the system
40. The passage shows that the author is _________ the present situation.
A. amazed at
B. puzzled by
C. disappointed at
D. critical of
Passage 3
Habits are a funny thing. We reach for them mindlessly, setting our brains on auto-pilot and relaxing into the unconscious comfort of familiar routine. "Not choice, but habit rules the unreflecting creatures," William Wordsworth said in the 19th century. In the ever-changing 21st century, even the word "habit" carries a negative meaning.
So it seems contradictory to talk about habits in the same context as innovation. But brain researchers have discovered that when we consciously develop new habits, we create parallel paths, and even entirely new brain cells, that can jump our trains of thought onto new, innovative tracks.
Rather than dismissing ourselves as unchangeable creatures of habit, we can instead direct our own change by consciously developing new habits. In fact, the more new things we try, the more creative we become.
But don’t bother trying to kill off old habits; once those ruts of procedure are worn into the brain, they're there to stay. Instead, the new habits we deliberately press into ourselves create parallel pathways that can bypass those old roads.
"The first thing needed for innovation is attraction to wonder," says Dawna Markova, author of The Open Mind. "But we are taught instead to 'decide', just as our president calls himself 'the Decider'." She adds, however, that "to decide is to kill off all possibilities but one. A good innovational thinker is always exploring the many other possibilities.”
"All of us work through problems in ways of which we're unaware," she says. Researchers in the late 1960s discovered that humans are born with the ability to approach challenges in four primary ways: analytically, procedurally, collaboratively and innovatively. At the end of adolescence, however, the brain shuts down half of that ability, preserving only those ways of thought that have seemed most valuable during the first decade or so of life.
The current emphasis on standardized testing highlights analysis and procedure, meaning that few of us use our innovative and collaborative ways of thought. "This breaks the major rule in the American belief system — that anyone can do anything," explains M. J. Ryan, author of the 2006 book This Year I Will … and Ms. Markova's business partner. "That's a lie that we have preserved, and it fosters commonness. Knowing what you're good at and doing even more of it creates excellence." This is where developing new habits comes in.
41. The view of Wordsworth habit is claimed by being_________.
A. casual B. familiar C. mechanical D. changeable.
42. The researchers have discovered that the formation of habit can be _________.
A. predicted B. regulated C. traced D. guided
43. "ruts" (in line one, paragraph 4) has closest meaning to_________.
A. tracks B. series C. characteristics D. connections
44. Dawna Markova would most probably agree that _______.
A. ideas are born of a relaxing mind
B. innovativeness could be taught
C. decisiveness derives from fantastic ideas
D. curiosity activates creative minds
45. Ryan's comments suggest that the practice of standardized testing _____.
A. prevents new habits form being formed
B. no longer emphasizes commonness
C. maintains the inherent American thinking model
D. complies with the American belief system
Passage 4
Australia's foreign language skills are declining, voice of America has reported. New figures show that only 13 percent of high school graduates can speak a foreign language. But four decades ago, 40 percent had foreign language skills.
Professor Elise Tipton, from the University of Sydney, says increasingly students do not feel the need to learn another language to boost their career. She believes that Australia's economic boom, which is driven by red-hot demand for its minerals, is helping mask serious deficiencies in its language skills.
Australia does business very successfully in English with most of its trading partners. But as the world's economic power shifts to emerging regions such as Asia, its language gap could soon be exposed. According to the new figures, less than 6.5 percent of high school graduates are proficient in an Asian language. Academics worry that this means Australia will increasingly be isolated from its economically important Asian neighbors. Dilip Dutta, from the economics and business faculty at Sydney University, says language skills can enhance trading opportunities. If Australians want to trade with Asian countries, it is very important for them to learn the language that will help them to get closer to the culture.
But students have different opinions about Asian language learning Pippa McCowage, a 22-year-old Australian student, says many young Australians have a half-hearted approach to foreign languages, and the language curriculum is often weak. "While we're encouraged in high school to learn another language, it's not really apparent to me as a realistic expectation that you will have to speak it," said McCowage. "For example, I learned Japanese in high school, when I went on an exchange in Year 10, I found that the Japanese students of my age had a much greater proficiency in English than I did in Japanese. So in that sense, it almost discourages you.
At present, about 70 percent of Australia's major exports go to Asia and the Australian government has been keen on developing closer economic and diplomatic ties with Asia. Academics say that, as Asia becomes one of the world’s economic powerhouses, Australia needs to improve its language skills if it is to take full advantage of the business opportunities on its doorstep.
46. How much percent of high school graduates were proficient in foreign languages forty years ago?
A. About 70 percent B. only 13 percent
C. 40 percent D. Less than 6.5 percent
47. What can be inferred from paragraph 2?
A. Australia has rich deposits of minerals
B. Australia is essentially a self-sufficient country
C. Australia has no intention to trade with Asian countries
D. Australian students are not required to learn a foreign language
48. What does Dilip Dutta think language skills can do?
A. Improve your relation with your partner.
B. Help settle international conflicts.
C. Remove barriers in negotiations.
D. Increase trading opportunities.
49. Why has the Australian government been keenly interested in strengthening ties with Asia?
A. Because Asia is where Australia is located.
B. Because Asia is where Australia's major exports go.
C. Because Asia is where Australians go and spend their holidays.
D. Because Asia is where Australia can play a big role in international affairs.
50. What does McCowage mean by "… have a half-hearted approach to foreign languages " (line2-3 para.4)?
A. Students have no idea of how to learn foreign language
B. Students give up learning Asian languages half-way
C. Many Australian students are not interested in learning foreign language
D. High schools fail to provide opportunities for students to speak a foreign language
四、写作 (30 points)
Food Safety 400 words
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看过武汉科技大学的真题后，下面就让我们一起来总结一下其出题规律及难点：1、翻译硕士英语这一门有单选、改错、阅读、作文四种题型，题目难度不高，官方称其为六级难度，建议大家可以用六级试题和专八试题进行练习。2、翻译基础这一门有词语翻译和段落翻译两种题型，词语翻译含缩写、政治和经济名词较多，平时需扩展自己的词汇表达；段落翻译中，英译汉一般为社科类说明文，汉译英为散文，复习时可针对性进行练习。3、百科知识这一门有单选、填空、名词解释、应用文和现代文写作五种题型。单选涉及范围较广，但难度不大，平时多积累即可；填空和名词解释会涉及到翻译理论、政治、文学、历史的考察，需多用心准备；应用文考察的体裁为信函、报告、计划书这类常见的形式，平时可将常见的体裁都好好准备一下；现代文写作一般为命题作文，会给出材料，写作时需注意和材料进行联系。
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